There are contradictions in the Bible. The reason that most churches’ statement of faith says that the Bible is “free from error in the original manuscripts” is because they know that the Bible is not free from error in the manuscripts we have available. To most, that is not a problem because all or almost all contradictions are chalked up to copyist errors.
One early Christian, though, thought there was something much better to do with contradictions and with puzzling verses that seem to make no sense. His name was Origen and, admittedly, he was a controversial guy. Though brilliant and highly respected in his time (A.D. 220-250), he was prone to wild speculation, and later councils condemned him. The condemnations, though, were probably not so much for his actual teachings but because two centuries later a group of “Origenists” arose promoting a false view of the Trinity, which was still a hot topic at the time.
Anyway, controversial or not controversial, the wisdom of this approach to contradictions in the Bible is apparent. Origen wrote:
Since, then, it was the intention of the Holy Spirit to enlighten those holy souls who had devoted themselves to the service of the truth with regard to these and similar subjects, the following purpose was kept in view. … For the sake of those who either could not or would not give themselves to this labor and toil by which they would deserve to be instructed in … things of such value and importance, [God purposed] to wrap up and conceal … in ordinary language—under the covering of some history and narrative of visible things—hidden mysteries. (De Principiis, Bk. IV, Ch. 1, par. 14; brackets in original)
Note: All the quotes from Origen in this post can be read at CCEL.org/fathers.
Origen is saying here that truth is for the diligent. As Psalm 25:14 says, “The secret of the Lord is with them that fear him, and he will show them his covenant.” Or, as the writer of Hebrews says, all who have faith know that “the Lord is a rewarder of those who diligently seek him” (Heb. 11:6). He is also saying that because truth is for the diligent, the most valuable and important truths are hidden beneath the surface, not lying in plain sight for the casual or lazy reader of Scripture.
Jesus gave a similar reason for speaking parables, saying, “I speak to them in parables because seeing they do not see and hearing they do not hear nor understand” (Matt. 13:13).
He goes on:
But if in all instances … the logical connection and order of the Law had been preserved, we would certainly not believe … that anything else was contained in it except what was indicated on the surface. So for that reason, Divine Wisdom took care that certain stumbling blocks, or interruptions, to the historical meaning would take place. He did this by introducing into the middle certain impossibilities and incongruities. (De Principiis, Bk. IV, ch. 1, par. 15)
So Origen says that there are impossibilities and incongruities (i.e., contradictions) in Scripture that are meant to stop the diligent student and cause him or her to look more deeply into the spiritual meaning of the narrative. One example that he gives is the devil taking Jesus on a high mountain to see all the kingdoms of the world.
How could it literally come to pass, either that Jesus should be led up by the devil into a high mountain, or that the latter should show him all the kingdoms of the world (as if they were lying beneath his bodily eyes, and adjacent to one mountain), i.e., the kingdoms of the Persians, and Scythians, and Indians? (De Principiis, Bk. IV, ch. 1, par. 16; parentheses in original)
This example reminds me of a customer service call I took from a lady living on Lookout Mountain in Tennessee. I told her that I had heard that a person can see five states from that mountain. She answered, “Yes, you can, with binoculars and a good imagination.”
There is no mountain in Israel, or anywhere else, from which a person can see India and Egypt at the same time. Origen is telling us to stop and contemplate the spiritual truth being revealed in passages like this. Those impossibilities are God reminding his diligent and spiritual disciples to look below the surface.
Bible Contradictions
The contradiction that led me to write this today is found in 2 Kings 8:25 and 9:28. There you will find two different years for the beginning of King Ahaziah’s reign. The two dates are only one year apart, and it is entirely possible this really is a copyist’s error. It has been more than 2500 years since those chapters were written, and we have no Hebrew manuscript more than a thousand years old with 2 Kings in it. That is 1500 years of copies. It is no surprise a little error like that could come in. In fact, it is a surprise that there are not many more such errors.
I doubt we need to dig deeper into the beginning of Ahaziah’s reign. Rather, that minor copyist’s error reminded me of Origen’s teaching. I write much more extensively about this idea at https://www.christian-history.org/bible-interpretation.html. I do want to discuss Bible contradictions just a bit further here, though.
A much bigger error that has to do with Ahaziah’s reign is in Matthew’s genealogy of Christ. You can see a list of the kings of Judah at Bible-history.com. Note that Ahaziah was the son of Jehoram (or Joram). Matthew, however, says that Joram was the father of Uzziah (Matt. 1:8). Maybe this was because Uzziah was also called “Azariah,” (2 Kings 15;; perhaps “Uzziah” was short for “Azariah”?), very similar to Ahaziah, and Matthew (or a list he was using) mixed them up. No matter what the reason, Matthew confused Ahaziah and Azariah, and so he left out Ahaziah, Joash his son, and Amaziah his grandson. So there were not fourteen generations from David to the exile in Babylon, but seventeen (Matt. 1:17).
Now one response to this “incongruity” is to bury our head in the sand and never mention it, hoping no one will notice. Since we are Christians, spiritual and powerful children of God, and not ostriches, I do not recommend this response. I recommend Origen’s response, digging deeper. This is hard to do. It is terrifying for those who believe the Bible is “free from error in its original manuscripts” to face a real contradiction from the original author of a Bible book. Matthew’s oversight is an error. It is a big error. Matthew counted his generations wrong in order to get his three fourteens (1:17).
I hope you are glad that I told you this rather than a scoffing atheist telling you. Now you have time to prepare.
I wish I could give you some great Bible interpretation when I found this contradiction. I did not get a great Bible interpretation out of it; I got a great spiritual truth. (For those who need a good explanation for the inconsistency, here are some given in commentaries.)
I found the contradiction in Matthew at a time in my life when I was getting back in shape and jogging a lot. I had a favorite logging trail to run on, and I ran a few hundred yards down the trail and curled up in the grass, calling out to God. There were several other difficulties I had run across through the previous year, mostly because I was doing a lot of apologetics. As I lay there on the ground, I told God I had to let go of things that I had treasured and defended. I could not argue for or believe a Bible without contradictions anymore.
The most astonishing peace came over me, truly a peace that passes understanding. It was every bit as puzzling as the joy that came over me a few years later when I was told I had leukemia. In that moment, lying there in the grass, I realized that I believe with a deep-down, unshakable belief that has nothing to do with the accuracy of Scripture and everything to do with the power of God. I had doubted some of the most important things I have ever believed, and neither God nor I cared about it. He was the great supporter. My power and the source of my life comes from him. His support is unshakable. I got up with a faith greater than I had ever had. Further, I was free. All the atheist attacks on the faith, all the scientific evidence for evolution … none of it mattered. I was at peace with the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. I knew him and was owned by him, and nothing else mattered.
Those commentaries I linked will give you some possible explanations for Matthew’s factual error. I no longer care. The books of the Bible have been gathered, and inspired by God, to reveal his will and ways to us so that we can be “thoroughly equipped for every good work” (2 Tim. 3:16-17). Today, I have a much higher, stronger, and more spiritual view of the inspiration of Scripture than I have ever had. This is all true despite the fact that I believe Matthew, inspired by God, made a historical mistake.
That may not be a satisfying answer for many of you, but by the power of God, it has more than satisfied me.
Luke 11 Mini-Commentary
I have been following the daily Bible reading plan from “Our Daily Bread” (odb.org) the last couple weeks. Today one of the chapters was Luke 11. These are the verses I highlighted and why.
Luke 11:9-10
“I tell you, keep asking, and it will be given you. Keep seeking and you will find. Keep knocking and it will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives. He who seeks finds. To him who knocks it will be opened.”
The last part of this verse could be translated “For everyone who is asking is receiving, and he who is seeking is finding, and to him who is knocking it will be opening. It would be awkward, but Jesus’ point would be made better. We have to keep asking, keep seeking, keep knocking. This verse is preceded by a parable about asking for help from a neighbor in the middle of the night. Jesus says that if you keep at it, the neighbor may not help you because he is a friend, but he will help because of your persistence.
Obviously, Jesus wants us to pray to God with the same kind of passion that the man in the parable was asking for bread at night. Our prayer needs to be ongoing. We need to beat on the door. James, the Lord’s brother, would remind us not only that the “fervent” prayer of a righteous man avails much, but also that the mighty Elijah was no different than us. It was his prayers and his faith that were different.
I highlighted Luke 11:9-10 for me. My prayers have plenty of room for more fervency and passion. Following Jesus is something we must do intentionally, which means I need to set fire to my prayers.
Luke 11:13
“If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him.”
This verse reminds me that I am not setting fire to my prayers because God is a reluctant giver. Jesus said that it is the Father’s good pleasure to give us the kingdom (somewhere in the discussion with his disciples in John 13-17). Here he says that our Father wants to give us the Holy Spirit.
This is not just talking about our initial filling of the Spirit when we were born again. This is talking about asking for the Holy Spirit often. Ephesians 5:18 tells us to “be being filled with the Spirit.”
That is a command, so it is something we are to do. Jesus tells us here that we can do this by asking. I am always reminding people that Jesus said this about the Holy Spirit. Let’s take advantage! But remember, Peter said God gives the Holy Spirit to those who obey him (Acts 5:32). This doesn’t mean we work for the Holy Spirit, but there is a beginning commitment to Jesus that we all must make. It is only to those who know him as Lord to whom he gives the Spirit. The Holy Spirit does many things for us, but his primary role is to empower us for obedience to Jesus. Even God’s Spirit won’t do this without our commitment to follow Jesus above all other authorities, including your good buddies, your girlfriends, and your family.
Luke 11:21
I have to quit with this one. I guess I won’t cover all the verses I highlighted in Luke 11.
“When the strong man, fully armed, guards his own dwelling, his goods are safe. But when someone stronger attacks him and overcomes him, he takes from him his whole armor in which he trusted, and divides his plunder.”
I highlighted this verse for theological purposes. This verse is bursting with the wine of Jesus’ teaching like an over-ripe grape.
First, note the boldness of Jesus’ words. The context is casting out demons. Jesus is calling the devil a “strong man, fully armed.” Then he implies, “But I am stronger. I am attacking him and overcoming him, and I am going to plunder him.”
To this day, people are scared of demon-possessed people. The whole town was afraid of the demoniac in the tombs that Jesus cast the legion out of (Mark 5). Jesus wasn’t afraid. Instead, the demons were afraid of him! They only had one weapon against him, and they employed it often when he came near them. Jesus did not want the people to know until the right time that he was the Messiah (Matt. 16:20), and the demons often announced it (e.g., Luke 4:41). They wanted him killed before his time. Eventually, they would get their will, but in God’s time, and they would regret it (1 Cor. 2:7-8), for it was in death that he truly pillaged the devil’s goods, taking captivity captive (Eph. 4:8), and delivering us from our fear of death.
Thus, Luke 11:21 shows us Jesus’ boldness and authority, and it prophesies of his death and resurrection. He spent his life pillaging the devil on earth, and his death defeated the devil, death, and the grave, preached to the dead (1 Pet. 4:6), and took all the strong man’s goods. So much more could be said about how much we can see the living Word of God in Jesus in this passage, the one with all authority in heaven and earth, but this is just a blog post. I need to bring it to an end now.
Great grace to all of you. Pray like Elijah and implore God for all the good things that he so longs to give to you.