Interpreting Paul’s Epistle to the Romans

I wrote this on Facebook today:

How can you correctly interpret Romans if you don’t believe its foundational precepts? “Those who practice such things are worthy of death” (1:32) and “to those who by perseverance in well-doing seek for glory, honor, and incorruptibility, [God will repay” eternal life” (2:7).

Romans is about the miraculous provision God makes to turn sinners into obeyers, not the way Jesus turned his Father from justice to mercy.

God’s justice and mercy were always perfect. He did not and does not need salvation. We, on the other hand, practice such things as are worthy of death, so Jesus ransomed and purchased us so that we could be created in Christ Jesus (Eph. 2:10) to persevere in well-doing.
Romans 14:9: “For to this end Christ died, rose, and lived again, that he might be Lord of both the dead and the living.”

In between 2:7 and 14:9, Paul did not switch to the subject of saving us from God’s justice by appeasing his wrath. No, we can only appease God’s wrath by Christ living in us throughout our lives (Rom. 5:9-10; Eph. 5:3-7).

Maybe the best way to try to verify what I have written here is to read Romans 8:1-13, but chapters 5 and 6 are clear on this matter as well.

Posted in Bible, Dealing with Scripture Honestly, Gospel, Modern Doctrines, Verses Evangelicals Ignore | Tagged , , , , , , | Leave a comment

News and New Articles

It’s been a minute since I updated this blog. Today I’ll give you the links for my most recent Christian-history.org posts and news about things I’m doing.

New Articles on Christian-history.org

A few weeks ago, I posted “I Desire Mercy and Not Sacrifice”. I also made it a book. I tested out Kindle’s new AI audio book maker as well. I liked the AI voice well enough, though I was not able to get it to pronounce everything perfectly, nor always emphasize the right words in sentences. Maybe someone who can get it for free with their audible account can let me know how it sounds. (I published the paperback, too, but then unpublished it because it costs too much in its current form.)

For those of you who write, listening to that AI voice was a great help with editing. Typos stood out, and it was easy to notice sentences that needed to be worded better.

I also wrote “A Primer on Salvation from Sin, Wrath, and Evangelical Theology, Part 1.” I really struggled with whether to use the provocative title, but in the end, I thought it was accurate. So I went with it. It is much shorter than “I Desire Mercy and Not Sacrifice.”

On the other hand, “Can I Lose My Salvation” is longer than the “Mercy” article! It too will become a book. It will be the second in a series of booklets called “Teachings That Must Not Be Lost.” I am working on the draft of “The Tradition About Tradition” (working title) as well. It should be the third in that series followed by a booklet on the Law of Moses for Christians.

News

It definitely appears that my old URL, ancient-faith.com, is lost forever. I have made my peace with that. I also lost all my 2022 and 2023 posts, but the “Wayback Machine” can find them so I can download and repost them.

I am making an attempt to start a theology/discipleship course. I have rented a booth at an indoor flea market locally. I am going to sell my books and a few others there. Mostly, though, I am going to do my best to market the teachings that are in my book Rebuilding the Foundations, and advertise the course. Hopefully, I will get 3 or 4 people to want to take the course and help me develop it. I much prefer the question and answer teaching method or discussion method anyway, so we can develop the course together lesson by lesson as we learn. After that, I’ll publish the course on my web site and on YouTube.

That is the plan anyway. I feel like the best thing I have to offer is an honest approach both to interpreting the Bible and to examining myself as a Christian. The best way to communicate those two things are in person. It is not uncommon for people that I teach in person to comment on how honestly I research and for them to “relax and be real” about where they are in Christ so they can go forward in devotion and submission to him.

For those of you who still follow this blog, stay in touch! Comment and question as much as you would like. I often have great conversations by email (paul@christian-history.org) with readers.

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Jesus Triumphantly Rescued Us! Atonement by Ransom

From a comment I put on Facebook:

It was not until yesterday that I realized the full import of Ephesians 1:7 and Colossians 1:14. Both are saying we have been released because we were ransomed by his blood (Gr. apolutrosis), so that we now have aphesis (release/deliverance of) our trespasses. There’s a cool part about this I’ll put lower in this post.

The import of those Old Testament passages I gave (1 Sam. 15:22; Hos. 6:6; Ps. 51:16-17; Micah 6:6-8) is that God has always forgiven the righteous their occasional stumblings. Not many of us, however, were righteous, so God gave his Son to ransom us out of our slavery to sin (as described best, I think, in Ephesians 2:1-3). The purpose was mainly to make us righteous, and the result is that as people who do good, we are among the blessed to whom God does not impute sin (Ps. 32:2; Rom. 4:1-8).

According to Psalm 32:2, those are the people in whose spirit there is no deceit. This aligns will with 1 John 1:7ff, where those who walk in the light–exposing their deeds, good or bad, to God all the time (cf. Jn. 3:19-21)–have ongoing fellowship with one another and ongoing purification from sin.

The cool part I mentioned about the ransom is the parable of the strong man, whose house can only be plundered by one even stronger. Jesus gave himself as ransom in our place, but Jesus was stronger than Satan, bound him and plundered his house, then “triumphed over him in it” (Col. 2:15). The picture there is that he made a triumphal march, like a Roman general would, with his defeated enemies walking in chains behind him. Because he plundered Hades, its gates can no longer withstand the church.

If you liked this post, feel free to friend me on Facebook. If your cover photo is a beautiful girl, send a message as well as a friend request because I generally just delete those.

Posted in Early Christianity, Gospel, Modern Doctrines, Rebuilding the Foundations, Teachings that must not be lost | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , | 3 Comments

Does Even the Slightest Sin Deserve Eternal Damnation?

Calvinists like to quote James 2:10 to teach that even the slightest sin requires eternal damnation. Here’s my response from my book, Rebuilding the Foundations:

The passage is in James 2 and talks about showing favoritism to one another, yet Calvinists have made it the gold standard for God’s final judgment. It reads:

But if you show favoritism, you sin and are convicted by the law as lawbreakers. For whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it. For he who said, “You shall not commit adultery,” also said, “You shall not murder.” If you do not commit adultery but do commit murder, you have become a lawbreaker. (James 2:8-11)

This passage warns us not to favor one person over another because we are all lawbreakers, having violated God’s law in one way or another. It does not say that God will judge us for breaking one small point of the law; it says we should not judge one another because we are all lawbreakers.
James 2:8-11 teaches that any violation of the law makes you a lawbreaker. It does not say all lawbreakers deserve eternal damnation. In fact, it says nothing at all about eternal damnation, nor who deserves it.

There are passages that talk about what violators of the law deserve. A very good one is the story of the adulterous woman (John 8:3-11). Jesus was teaching a small crowd near the temple. The scribes and Pharisees broke into their gathering and threw a woman at his feet. They announced, “Teacher, we found this woman in adultery, in the very act.”

I am sure the sarcasm dripped from their tongues as they unknowingly confronted their Creator and future Judge. “Now in our law, Moses commanded us to stone such women. What then do you say about her?”

Oddly, Jesus stooped down and wrote on the ground with his finger. I have heard several guesses as to what he was writing, my favorite being the name of the Pharisees’ mistresses. My guess is that the hypocritical condemnation of this woman, the ignoring of the man that was with her, and the sneering tone of the arrogant Pharisees infuriated the Son of God, who was a man tempted in every way we are (Heb. 4:15). Writing on the ground, whatever he wrote, may have given him time to refrain from ‘un-creating’ them with a thought, dissolving their miserable hides into sub-atomic particles.

Whatever the reason, he wrote long enough to simply state, in so many words, “All of you who have not broken the law, you have the right to throw a stone at her.”

James 2:10 is right. We are all lawbreakers. Even the Pharisees, when Jesus called them on it, could not deny it.

We also find out, through Jesus, just what God thinks we lawbreakers deserve: a second chance. Or maybe it was a third chance … or a fourth … or a forty-fourth … or maybe the four-hundred-and-ninetieth (70 times 7; Matt. 18:22).

Jesus told her, “Woman, where are your accusers? Did no one condemn you? … Neither do I condemn you. Go your way. From now on, sin no more.” (Jn. 8:10-11).

Here we have an actual case of how Jesus, and thus God, looks at adultery. Like all other sins, he forgives, and he asks the sinner to stop sinning. The people who aroused God’s wrath were the proud and hypocritical (Matt. 23).

Jesus gave us multiple examples of the way he, and thus his Father, judges. In his judgment, sinners need his physician-like skills to repent and become righteous (Luke 5:31-32).

****************

I am working on the cover of a new book called I Desire Mercy and Not Sacrifice. Whether or not Calvinists read my book, they should listen to that quote from both Hosea and Jesus, and  then they might not be so quick to condemn the innocent, nor the guilty.

I think the Kindle version of I Desire Mercy and Not Sacrifice is live.

Posted in Bible, Evangelicals, Gospel, Modern Doctrines, Protestants | Tagged , , , , , , | 2 Comments

Tobit, Jesus, and the Breathtaking Power of Almsgiving from Within

Jesus told the Pharisees, “But give that which is within as charity and, behold, all things are clean for you” (Luke 11:41, NASB with note).

Tobit says something similar: “For almsgiving saves from death and purges away every sin. Those who give alms will enjoy a full life, but those who commit sin and do wrong are their own worst enemies” (12:9-10). (I know we Protestants don’t read the Deuterocanonicals–the Apocrypha, the 7 books in the Catholic Bibles that are not in Protestant Bibles, but Tobit’s statement about almsgiving was well-known to the church fathers and the Protestant Reformers.)

Peter converted “almsgiving” to “love” and wrote, “Above all, keep fervent in your love for one another, because love covers a multitude of sins” (1 Pet. 4:8).

We might all want to consider how generous we are, not only with our money, but with “that which is within,” especially to the poor.

Jesus said, “When you give a [a]reception, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, the blind, and you will be blessed, since they are unable to repay you; for you will be repaid at the resurrection of the righteous” (Luke 14:13-14).

Just WOW! Let me take this opportunity to recommend Matt Newman’s Good in the Hood, which talks about how to “give what is within” to the poor by drawing close to them like the Samaritan did to the bleeding man on the road to Jericho.

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Today’s Hodge-Podge: Messengers, Large Church Meetings, Archippus, and Apostolic Succession

For those interested, I wrote this in an email in response to questions concerning Colossians 4:14, 16-17:

  1. For at least 150 years, perhaps longer, it was perfectly okay that the Sunday morning meetings grew large enough to need big meeting places, at least in the large cities, because the churches were still family. They took care of one another, shared possessions, visited one another house to house, etc. Having a big Sunday morning meeting in that culture is great. The day to day is fellowship is even more important than listening to pastors teach (Heb. 3:13; 10:24-25), so having big meetings on Sunday without the day to day fellowship is terrible, terrible, terrible. I don’t think that happened until pagans started rushing into the church, most unconverted spiritually, under Constantine. Unfortunately, that sort of public church never went away. It has lasted 1700 years.
  2. The answer to the question about passing on letters would be obvious if we translated the Greek word angellos. It means “messenger.” The “messengers” of the seven churches in Revelation 1-3 were the men responsible for sending and receiving letters on behalf of the church. It seems that every church had one. The 2nd century book, the Shepherd of Hermas, says that Clement was the messenger for Rome and was responsible for receiving the book and then deciding whether to pass it on to other churches.
  3. As for Archippus, we don’t know what his ministry was. We can’t be sure he was an elder, nor even that he was a shepherd in any way. Paul listed a lot of ministries in 1 Corinthians 12.

Apostolic succession: When Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Hippolytus talked about apostolic succession, they were refuting the gnostics. Apostolic succession is the passing down of the faith–also called the truth and the gospel–from generation to generation. To take that responsibility and turn it into a passing down of jurisdiction is to misuse what they taught. Yes, of course the passing down of the faith was from the elders to the next generation of elders and from a bishop to the bishop who succeeded him, but authority for a Christian is not the same as authority for the world. Christians in authority, our bishops and elders and whoever else, are to maintain the truth and serve the saints, training them to do the work of ministry (service). It is a sin to follow a sinner, so even if a man has apostolic succession, he has no authority except it come from his submission to God.

Posted in Bible, Church, Early Christianity, Gospel, History, History (Stories), Leadership | Tagged , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Reconciling the Evangelical Paul with the Biblical Paul

This is a re-issue of a 2023 post made on ancient-faith.com. A series of circumstances made me think I’d lose that URL, and I might. I do want to keep this blog alive, though, especially for saving things I’ve written on Facebook or by email.

It is common to think that we have to reconcile Paul with James. I suggest rather that we must reconcile the evangelical Paul, who believes that going to heaven has nothing to do with works, and the New Testament Paul, who wrote:

  • Eternal life is a reward for a pattern of good works (Rom. 2:6-7)
  • We have been reconciled to God, but we shall be saved from wrath through Christ and by his life (Rom. 5:9-10)
  • Eternal life is the result of holiness, which is the fruit of serving God (Rom. 6:22)
  • And, as one more thing to reconcile, in the very next verse, he said eternal life was a gift! (Rom. 6:23)
  • We “must” die if we live after the flesh, but we will live if we put to death the deeds of the body (Rom. 8:12-13)
  • Don’t be deceived! The unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God. Examples of the unrighteous are the sexually immoral, homosexuals, thieves, greedy, drunks, and slanderers (1 Cor. 6:9-11)
  • That he himself disciplines his body so that he is not disqualified (1 Cor. 9:24-27). “Disqualified” (Gr. adokimos) is a word Paul contrasts with having Jesus Christ in you in 2 Corinthians 13:5
  • Immediately after saying he had to discipline himself so that he does not fail the test (an alternate translation of adokimos), he argues for 11 verses that the various failures of the Israelites in the wilderness were examples for Christians, then writes, “Let him who thinks he stands take heed lest he fall” (1 Cor. 10:12)
  • We will all stand before the judgment seat of Christ to receive the deeds done in the body, whether good or bad. Fear of this judgment causes Paul to persuade men (2 Cor. 5:10-11)
  • It’s possible to receive the grace of God in vain (2 Cor. 6:1)
  • We must come out from among them, be separate, and not touch the unclean think if we want the Lord to receive us (2 Cor. 6:17-18)
  • The Christians of Corinth must examine themselves to see whether they are really in the faith, Jesus is really in them, or if they are “disqualified” (2 Cor. 13:5)
  • Those who “practice” (Gr. prasso) the works of the flesh will not inherit the kingdom of God (Gal. 5:19-21)
  • Don’t be deceived! Sowing to the flesh will result in corruption, sowing to the Spirit will result in everlasting life, so we should not grow weary in doing good (Gal. 6:7-8)
  • The sexually immoral, unclean, and greedy don’t have any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God. Don’t let anyone deceive you about this! It’s because of these things that the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience, so don’t partake in their deeds (Eph. 5:3-7)
  • Paul himself was leaving everything behind, counting everything loss, and pressing forward so that he know Jesus, the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his suffering, so that by any means he might attain to the resurrection of the dead. Paul did not regard himself as having already taken hold (Php. 3:7-14)
  • God will present us holy, without defect, and blameless before him if we continue in the faith grounded and settled (Col. 1:22-23)
  • Paul sent Timothy to the Thessalonians so he could know their faith because he feared the tempter had tempted the Thessalonians and Paul, Timothy, and Silas’ work would have been in vain (1 Thes. 3:5)
  • Timothy should hold faith and a good conscience. Some, having rejected those, have had a shipwreck in regard to their faith (1 Tim. 1:18-20)
  • Timothy should pay attention to himself and his teaching. By continuing in these things [the things in 1 Timothy] he will save both himself and his hearers (1 Tim. 4:16)
  • Wealthy people should do good, be rich in good works, and willing to share. This will allow them to lay up a good foundation for the time to come so they can lay hold of eternal life (1 Tim. 6:16-18)
  • Grace instructs us to deny ungodliness and worldly lusts and to live soberly, righteously, and godly in this present age, looking for the blessed hope of our Lord Jesus Christ, who died to redeem us from all lawlessness and purify a people zealous for good works (Tit. 2:11-14)
  • Titus is to affirm confidently than God’s people are to maintain good works (Tit. 3:8)
  • Finally, if Paul wrote Hebrews, as many believe, then there are many more verses associating works with “going to heaven,” such as Hebrews 3:14, which says that we are partakers of Christ only if we hold the beginning of our confidence firm to the end; Hebrews 6:6, which mentions falling away; and Hebrews 10:37-39, which tells us that those who shrink back will be destroyed. That is not even mentioning Hebrews 12:14, a cognate to Romans 6:22, which says that no one will see the Lord without holiness.

I should also point out that “go to heaven” is not biblical terminology. You will not find those words in the New Testament. Instead, Jesus and his apostles talk about inheriting or entering the kingdom and, as Jesus said, this will not happen unless we do the will of our Father in heaven (Matt. 7:21).

Despite the staggering list of verses above, which suggest or directly state, that eternal life is a reward for good works, the evangelical Paul was not made up out of whole cloth. Paul did say:

  • that we are saved by grace, though faith, not of ourselves but the gift of God, not of works so that we can not boast (Eph. 2:8-9).
  • that we are justified by faith and not by the works of the law (Rom. 3:28)
  • that we are not saved by works of righteousness which we have done, but by God’s mercy (Tit. 3:5)

How do we reconcile the Paul who wrote Ephesians 2:8-9 with the Paul who wrote Ephesians 5:3-7?

That question can be answered in one sentence: “Saved” does not necessarily mean “go to heaven.” Only “inherit the kingdom” always means “go to heaven.”

“Saved,” the Greek word sozo, is a big word with a lot of meanings, just as it is in English. Thayer’s lexicon lists danger, destruction, and disease as things we can be saved from as well as from “the penalties of Messianic judgment” (cf. Ps. 2:12). More to our point, Romans 5:9-10 gives a couple things we can be saved from:

Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we will be saved from God’s wrath through him. For if while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we will be saved by his life.

When we are “now justified by his blood,” we are saved in a way that is best described by Ephesians 2:1-10. In verses 1-3, we are …

… dead in transgressions and sins, in which you once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit who now works in the children of disobedience. We also all once lived among them in the lusts of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest.

Paul pulls out all the stops in these 3 verses. He is telling us just how bad our condition was before God “made us alive together with Christ” (v. 5). In verse 10, however, everything is changed:

We are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared before that we would walk in them.

That is a huge change, from being dead in our sins to being God’s workmanship, created in King Jesus for good works. In verse 8, Paul rightly calls this being saved.

Hebrews warns us, though, that there is one more thing coming:

It is appointed for me to die once, then the judgment.

That judgment still awaits us, and it is still according to works. That is why Paul says, “We shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ, to receive the deeds done in the body, whether good or bad” (2 Cor. 5:10). It is also why Paul does not stop at “now justified by his blood” in Romans 5:9. He adds;

… we will be saved from God’s wrath through him.

Romans 5:10 is similar.

We were reconciled by Jesus’ death, but we will be saved by his life.

From Romans 5:10, I cannot help leaping to Galatians 2:20:

I have been crucified with Christ, and it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. That life which I now live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself up for me.

If I let Jesus live through me, then I will be saved from God’s wrath through him and through his life. We are warned that God’s wrath is still in the future, and we are even told not to be deceived about it in Ephesians 5:6-7:

Let no one deceive you with empty words. For because of these things, the wrath of God comes on the children of disobedience. Therefore don’t be partakers with them.

You might be able to play with those words, but I cannot. I have been saved, made alive from my death in my sins and re-created in Christ Jesus to do good works, and I received that salvation by faith apart from works. Being enabled now by my new creation to do good works (Eph. 2:10), and knowing that the purpose of Jesus’ death was to ransom me from all lawlessness and to produce a people zealous for good works (Tit. 2:13-14), I am not at all surprised that God asks me to walk in that salvation, continuing in the faith, not moved away from it, but grounded and settled in it (Col. 1:22-23). I will sow to the Spirit and so reap eternal life (Gal. 6:8).

There is a sense in which the biblical Paul, the New Testament Paul, has two messages. We can be saved from the horrid state of slavery to sin by faith (Ephesians 2:1-10), and if we walk by the Spirit, we will do good and be rewarded with eternal life as a person who has patiently continued to do good in this present age (Romans 2:6-7; 8:1-13; Galatians 5:16-6:9).

Posted in Bible, Evangelicals, Modern Doctrines | Tagged , , , , | 4 Comments

The Demise of Ancient-Faith.com

I think God wants ancient-faith.com to end. You can read all the posts from before December, 2021 here. I refuse to keep writing blogs on a block builder as awful as this one, so there will be no more posts at paulfpavao.wordpress.com.

Ancient-faith.com is now attached, against my wishes, to a different wordpress.com site. For some unknown reason, it has access to a better platform to write on, but I have had so many problems with that domain name over the last two weeks that they seem miraculous. In other words, the problems were so bad, so persistent, and so impossible to work around that I am pretty certain I am fighting God.

I am able to use the wayback machine to find old posts people ask about. I save them as text files, and I will eventually upload them to christian-history.org, which will become my only website.

Pray that I do God’s will in all this, please. I have had email conversations with people all over the world because of this blog and Christian-history.org (and my books). I do not want to cut those off.

I see this is being sent to almost 200 subscribers. Wow! Some may not even remember me because it’s been so long since I posted. If you want to keep up with me, my email address is paul@christian-history.org, and you can also friend or follow me on Facebook. My name is unique. You’ll find me.

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Ancient-faith.com Is Moved and New Subscription Works

I have the new subscription at Ancient-Faith.com at the new webhost up and running. As mentioned in the last post I sent out, if you want to stay subscribed to my posts, you’ll have to subscribe again at the new webhost, sorry. Just go to https://www.ancient-faith.com, and you will see the new blog and the new subscription block on the top right.

As for this subscription, you will never get an email from it again unless something weird happens. I will be completely removing the old traces of the blog on the old webhost over the next month. You can just unsubscribe at the bottom of this email as well.

Sorry for the trouble, but I am really, really glad to be leaving the old servers and the increasing number of controls they have been putting on the blog. I am so happy to be going to new servers and just writing, not figuring out how to navigate bizarre writing software.

Thank you so much for having subscribed, and I hope you will want to head to Ancient-faith.com and subscribe again. Oh, and don’t forget the dash or you will be subscribing to an Eastern Orthodox blog.

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Galatians Promotes and Requires Works, Which Can Only Be Done by the Spirit, Not by Flesh/Law

I hate the fact that I have friends who will strongly disagree with the following. On the other hand, God had strong words to say to those who should have warned, but did not warn, and to those who said, “peace, peace” when there was no peace.

I sent this when a friend emailed me telling me that Calvinists claimed that my book, Rebuilding the Foundations, is the error of the Galatians:

***************

This will be a fun email to write.

Of course people raised up in Reformation traditions will immediately write off everything I wrote in Rebuilding the Foundations as legalism and the error of the Galatians. That is what they have been trained to do. For your sake, let me tell you that from the beginning, all churches founded as a result of the apostles’ ministries agreed with what I taught in the book. It is amazing to me that the divided, mostly nominal churches of today are willing to call the united, mostly holy churches of the second century legalists. Really? The apostles were such terrible teachers that all their churches fell into the error of the Galatians in one generation, and all of them into the same error?

That’s ridiculous. (For just a little evidence that my claim about the early churches is true, see “Faith versus Works Quotes.”)

Ok, so, the error of the Galatians. Reformation descendants like to say it is faith vs. works. Not so, it is Spirit vs. the Law. You probably know that in Romans 7 and 8, the issue is that the law cannot subdue “sin in the flesh,” but the sacrifice of Jesus condemned “sin in the flesh” (Rom. 8:3), so that by the Spirit we can fulfill the righteous requirement of the law. Fulfilling the righteous requirement of the Law would be works, right? However, in Romans 7 and 8, Paul is not saying to do good works so you can fulfill the righteous requirement of the Law, he is saying that in our flesh, we can’t do that (all of Romans 7). By the Spirit, though, we can do good works (fulfilling the righteous requirement of the law).

Paul did not change his mind in Galatians. Paul gives a testimony about deliverance from the Law, and especially about deliverance from Jews over Gentiles, in Galatians 1-2. Then he launches into his argument. He begins with, “Just answer this, did you receive the Spirit by the works of the Law or by the hearing of faith? Are you so foolish, having begun in the Spirit, are you now being perfected by the flesh?” (Gal. 3:2-3).

Works are not at issue here. The issue here is “being perfected.” There is a goal. The goal is to be perfected. Will that happen by the Spirit, or are you deceived into trying to be perfected by the Law, which is just depending on the flesh?

This is why, after talking about walking in the Spirit vs. walking in the flesh through the start of Galatians 5, he then gives a list of works of the flesh, that if we practice (Gr. prasso), we will not inherit God’s kingdom. Then he gives the fruit of the Spirit. Notice that it is “deeds” or “works” of the flesh, but it is “fruit” of the Spirit. We are trying to do good works, and the route to those good works is walking in the Spirit, for good works are the “fruit,” i.e., the result, of walking in the Spirit. In Galatians 6:7-9, he puts the ball in our court. Sow to the flesh, you will reap corruption. Sow to the Spirit, you will reap eternal life. Not only that, but if you sow to the Spirit, according to verse 9, you will “not grow weary in doing works,” and if you do not faint–i.e., not grow weary in doing good works–only then will you reap [eternal life].

This stuff isn’t deep or hard to find. It is sitting right on the surface. Walk in the Spirit, and you will be “perfected,” which, as he goes on to say, means producing the fruit of the Spiriit and continuing in good works. You will need those good works to reap eternal life (Gal. 5:19-21; 6:8-9), but you will never get them by the law. If there had been a law that could give life, then righteousness could have come by the law, but there is no such law (Gal. 3:21). Despite the fact that no law can produce righteousness, righteousness is still the goal! This is because righteousness produced fruit for holiness, and the result of holiness is eternal life (Rom. 6:22; Heb. 12:14).

The reality is that Paul was speaking what is true for everyone, even Christians, in Romans 2:5-8. There is a judgment, and those who patiently continue to do good will be rewarded with eternal life. God has provided the means to patiently continue to do good, which is by the Spirit. Galatians agrees, in an obvious and easy to understand manner, with Romans 8. Walk by the Spirit and you will live; walk in the flesh and you will perish (Rom. 8:12-13).

Predestination is complicated. What I wrote above is plain, obvious, and super important. Predestination is a theory about God’s role versus our role in being saved. Everyone has their own theory about it because there is no practical application to prove anyone right. We all agree, even the Calvinists and even the most eternally secure Baptists, that walking by the Spirit is the route to good works and righteousness.. We cannot do it in our own flesh, but only by the Spirit.

Where we don’t agree is whether that is optional or not. As you can see above, it is not optional. As 1 John 3:7 says, it is not optional. If you want eternal life, you must live according to the Spirit.

The next thing that the tradition-loving rather than Bible-loving will say is that I should say, “live according to the Spirit” rather than “good works.” Yes, if the Reformation and Luther and Calvin were my authority, I should say that. If the Bible is my authority, though, then I should “affirm confidently that those who believe in Christ should be careful to maintain good works” (Tit. 3:8).

Let’s be clear, those people you are talking about and asking about care more about what Luther and Calvin say than about what the Bible says. That’s a problem. Jesus did not react well to people who chose tradition over the Word of God.

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